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The Arab–Israeli conflict is an ongoing intercommunal phenomenon involving political tension, military conflicts, and other disputes between various Arab countries and Israel, which escalated during the 20th century, but had mostly faded out by the early 21st century. The roots of the Arab–Israeli conflict have been attributed to the support by Arab League member countries for the Palestinians, a fellow League member, in the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict; this in turn has been attributed to the simultaneous rise of Zionism and Arab nationalism towards the end of the 19th century, though the two national movements had not clashed until the 1920s.

Arab–Israeli conflict
Part of the Cold War (1956, 1967–1991) and the Iran–Israel proxy conflict (from 1985)

The main parties in the Arab–Israeli conflict
Israel West Bank and Gaza Strip Egypt Jordan Lebanon Syria Iraq
Date c. 15 May 1948 – ongoing
(75 years, 4 months and 4 weeks)
Main phase: 1948–1982[3] Location
Middle East
Result
Normalization:
Egypt–Israel peace treaty (1979)
Israeli–Lebanese peace treaty attempt (1983)
Oslo Accords (1993)
Israel–Jordan peace treaty (1994)
UNSC 1701 (Israel–Lebanon ceasefire treaty) (2006)
Approachment of Israel and Gulf States in light of mutual stance against Iran (2010s)
Territorial
changes
Establishment of Israel and All-Palestine Protectorate (1948); Jordanian annexation of the West Bank
Dissolution of All-Palestine Government (1953) and Egyptian occupation of the Gaza Strip
Israeli occupation (1967–1982) of the Sinai Peninsula, West Bank, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights
Egyptian–Israeli peace and formation of the Israeli Civil Administration (1982)
Oslo Accords and formation of the Palestinian National Authority in areas A, B of the West Bank and Gaza in 1994.
Israel–Jordan peace treaty – transfer of Al Ghamr enclave (2019)

Belligerents
Israel
Mahal volunteers (1948 Arab–Israeli War)
United Kingdom
(Suez Crisis)
France
(Suez Crisis)
Free Lebanon State (1978–1984)
South Lebanon Army (1984–2000)
Supported by:
United States (1967–present)
Arab League
Egypt (1948–1978)
Jordan (1948–1994)
Lebanon (1948–present)
Iraq (1948–present)
Sudan (1948–2020)
Syria (1948–present)
Kingdom of Yemen (1948 Arab–Israeli War)[1]
All-Palestine (1948–1959)
AHW (1947–1949)
Fedayeen (1949–1964)
PLO (1964–1993)
Palestinian Authority (Second Intifada)
State of Palestine
Soviet Union (1967–1991)[2]

Gaza Strip (2006–present)

Supported by:
Iran (2006–2012)
Commanders and leaders
Israel David Ben-Gurion (1948–1963)
Israel Yigael Yadin (1948–1952)
Israel Yaakov Dori (1948–1949)
Israel Yitzhak Rabin (1948–1995)
Israel Ariel Sharon (1948–2005)
Israel Ehud Barak (1948–2013)
Moshe Dayan (1948–1979)
Saad Haddad (1978–1984)
Antoine Lahad (1984–2000)
Jordan King Abdullah I (1948–1951)
Jordan John Bagot Glubb (1948–1956)
Jordan King Hussein (1953–1994)
Jordan Habis al-Majali (1948–2001)
All-Palestine Protectorate Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni †
All-Palestine Protectorate Hasan Salama †
Fawzi Al-Qawuqji (1948–1977)
Egypt Ahmed Ali al-Mwawi (1948–1979)
All-Palestine Protectorate Haj Amin Al-Husseini (1948–1974)
Egypt King Farouk I (1948–1965)
Egypt Ahmad Ali al-Mwawi (1948–1979)
Egypt Muhammad Naguib (1948–1984)
Egypt Saad El Shazly (1948–2011)
Casualties and losses
≈22,570 military deaths

≈1,723 civilian deaths[5] ≈1,050 SLA militiamen deaths
91,105 total Arab deaths
Part of the Palestine–Israel conflict arose from the conflicting claims by these movements to the land that formed the British Mandatory Palestine, which was regarded by the Jewish people as their ancestral homeland, while at the same time it was regarded by the Pan-Arab movement as historically and currently belonging to the Arab Palestinians,[8] and in the Pan-Islamic context, as Muslim lands. The sectarian conflict within the British Mandate territory between Palestinian Jews and Arabs escalated into a full-scale Palestinian civil war in 1947. Taking the side of the Palestinian Arabs, especially following the Israeli Declaration of Independence, the neighbouring Arab countries invaded the by-then former Mandate territory in May 1948, commencing the First Arab–Israeli War. Large-scale hostilities mostly ended with ceasefire agreements after the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Peace agreements were signed between Israel and Egypt in 1979, resulting in Israeli withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula and the abolition of the military governance system in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, in favor of Israeli Civil Administration and consequent unilateral annexation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem. The nature of the conflict has shifted over the years from the large-scale, regional Arab–Israeli conflict to a more local Israeli–Palestinian conflict, which peaked during the 1982 Lebanon War when Israel intervened in the Lebanese Civil War to oust the Palestinian Liberation Organization from Lebanon. By 1983, Israel reached normalization with Christian-dominated Lebanese