L-14 Early History of Deccan and South India Part-2 (Class 6th D.A.V)
135This video is about the Early history of South India(The Cholas, The Pandyas and The Cheras), Administration, society and religion and occupation of three great empires. The territory of South of river krishna and Tungbhadra extending upto Kanyakumari is known as South India or Karnatic region. In later period of Megalith culture three kingdoms emerged powerful in the Southern India (Chola, Pandya and Chera).
The main sources of Information about three great empires of South India
1. Sangham literature
2. Ashoka's Inscriptions
3. Mahabharata
4. Jataka stories
Travel acoount of foreign travellers
The Cholas- The Chola kingdom of chola mandla ruled over South India between pennar and Vellar rivers. The extent was not fixed due to victory and defeat.
Capital- Kaveripattam and later shifted to Tanjore and Gangaikondacholapuram.
According to sangham literature king Karikala defeated Cheras, Pandyas and Sri Lanka.
Karikala followed the Vedic religion, developed trade and Industry, build a strong army and navy, gave royal patronage to Tamil literature.
The Cheras, Pandyas and later pallavas conquered the territories of the Cholas from the weak successors of Kerikala.
The Pandyas- Extent- Southernmost and SouthEastern part of Indian Peninsula
Capital - Madurai
Most imporant king- Nadunjeliam
Trade- With the romans, trade of pearls
Sangham or assemblies held at Madurai
Rule of Pandyas continued near about 1100 CE. When powerful Chola king Parantaka - 1 captured and defeated the Pandyas.
The Cheras- The Chera kingdom or Keralaputra extend- in narrow strip of land between sea and the western Ghats over Malabar,kochin and Travancore. Parts of Modern Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Capital of Chera kingdom- Vanchi
To great ruler of Chera dynasty- Nadunjeral and Sanguttavan
Trade relations- Roman, Egypt
Administration in the southern kingdom- The Sangham literature tells that the territory during the period of Southern kingdoms divided into five geographical zones.
a. Hills and forests
b. Pastureland]
c. Fertile land
d. Four coastel land
e. Five Arid land
The king had a council of ministers to assist and advise him
He maintained large army of soldiers, Horses elephants etc.
The soldiers patrolled the roads to ensure the safety of merchants.
Society and religion
1. The society of South India was Caste ridden like North India. Brahmins and Kshatriyas dominate the other caste.
2. The kings donated large pieces of land to the temples.
3. Temples was the centres of to worship, administration, culture and meeting places to solve problems.
4. They worship vishnu and murugan(Kartikeya) in North India.
5. Some people followed Buddhism and jainism.
6. The people of SOuth India love dance and poetry. They also celebrate fairs and festivals in leisure time.
Occupation- Agriculture was the main occupation of the people. They use ploghshare, Sickle and some other tools for cultivation. They grew rices, sugarcane, pulses and spices etc.
The kings build canals for irrigation.
Land revenue and trade was the most important sources of state income.
All three kingdoms have trade relation with many countries like Egypt, Rome arab, Malaya, China.
Muziris, Kaveripattam, Korkai were the important trade centres.
Main items of trade were pearls, precious stones, textile and ivory.
The foreign traders brought Copper, Tin, Glass, Wine, Gold and silver to India.
Short Questions and answers of L-6
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