Apparently MAME has never emulated this game correctly, even if it's been marked as working in MAME for 20+ years. For levels 15,16,17 there are moving doors and platforms, these are handled by the protection. The old protection simulation didn't handle these, and the hookup for the proper MCU dump was missing hookups to allow it to access the tilemap RAM, so it didn't work even then. I've now fixed this (video starts at the end of level 14)
The only set without this issue previously was a single unprotected-from-factory version of Quartet 2 (which is a cost reduced version of the game with only support for 2 players) but somehow the problem had gone completely unreported for the main sets until recently.