12 Dec 2020. An Overview of Earth’s Global Electric Circuit and Atmospheric Conductivity

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12 Dec 2020_ An Overview of Earth’s Global Electric Circuit and Atmospheric Conductivity
-{Live stream to follow... later tonight}-

Introduction: Why is relevant to our ongoing discussions of Grounding, and Sheilding Electromagnetic Field around us.

9:30 Begins the content material.
Thumb-nail image explains the DC, and the AC circuits of the ionosphere, and the Earth ground.
In the diagram on the right of the illustration; we see the Schumann Resonances, weaving patterns, which are measured by, and reported as the Modes of Tomsk.

Ted Madden Memorial (review): (https://youtu.be/GiIoXSvdzCA)



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Michael J. Rycroft, R. Giles Harrison, Keri A. Nicoll, Evgeny A. Mareev;
Part of the Space Sciences Series of ISSI book series (SSSI, volume 30) ; Link: (https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-0-387-87664-1_6)

Abstract

The Earth’s global atmospheric electric circuit depends on the upper and lower atmospheric boundaries formed by the ionosphere and the planetary surface. Thunderstorms and electrified rain clouds drive a DC current (∼1 kA) around the circuit, with the current carried by molecular cluster ions; lightning phenomena drive the AC global circuit. The Earth’s near-surface conductivity ranges from 10−7 S m−1 (for poorly conducting rocks) to 10−2 S m−1 (for clay or wet limestone), with a mean value of 3.2 S m−1 for the ocean. Air conductivity inside a thundercloud, and in fair weather regions, depends on location (especially geomagnetic latitude), aerosol pollution and height, and varies from ∼10−14 S m−1 just above the surface to 10−7 S m−1 in the ionosphere at ∼80 km altitude. Ionospheric conductivity is a tensor quantity due to the geomagnetic field, and is determined by parameters such as electron density and electron–neutral particle collision frequency. In the current source regions, point discharge (coronal) currents play an important role below electrified clouds; the solar wind-magnetosphere dynamo and the unipolar dynamo due to the terrestrial rotating dipole moment also apply atmospheric potential differences.


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Grandpa Blue: (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCP_2... WAGES WORLD [Excellent overview of Space weather, and overall Earth changes, up to and including the Schumann Resonance update]
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Tomsk Observatory: ( http://sosrff.tsu.ru/new/shm.jpg )
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