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Energy flow is the key function of an ecosystem. It is unidirectional. The energy that is captured by the autotrophs does not revert back to the solar input and the energy which passes to the herbivores does not come back to autotrophs. As it moves progressively through the various trophic levels it is no longer available to the previous level. Green plants capture approximately about \( 1 \% \) of the solar energy incident on the earth to carry out the process of photosynthesis. In an ecosystem, transfer of energy follows 10 per cent law, i.e., only \( 10 \% \) energy is transferred from one trophic level to another and remaining \( 90 \% \) of energy is lost in respiration. This means that the energy available at each trophic level gets diminished progressively due to loss of energy at each level.
Read the given statements and select the correct one(s).
A. Organisms utilize energy in respiration at each trophic level.
B. Only 10 percent energy is transferred from one trophic level to another
C. Green plants are the ultimate source of entire energy as most of the food chain begin with them.

D. A food chain usually consist of 1-2 trophic levels only.
a. \( A \) and \( B \)
b. \( B \) and \( C \)
c. D only
d. \( \mathrm{C} \) and \( \mathrm{D} \)
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