How did our Sun come to be? Universe Sandbox 2

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Here's a detailed timeline of the Sun's life, from its birth to its predicted demise—a true cosmic journey spanning billions of years 🌞 ✨ :

🌀 1. Solar Nebula (~4.6 billion years ago)
It all starts with a giant cloud of gas and dust (nebula).
Gravity causes this cloud to collapse, forming a protostar at the center.
🔥 2. Protostar
Matter continues to accumulate, increasing the temperature and pressure.
When nuclear fusion of hydrogen begins, a star is officially born: the Sun.
🌟 3. Main Sequence (current phase)
The Sun has been in this phase for about 4.6 billion years and is expected to remain so for another 5 billion.
Hydrogen fusion into helium occurs in the core, releasing energy that sustains life on Earth. 🔴 4. Red Giant (~5 billion years in the future)
The hydrogen in the core runs out.
The core contracts and the outer layers expand, turning the Sun into a red giant.
It can swallow nearby planets like Mercury and Venus.
🌈 5. Planetary Nebula
The Sun expels its outer layers, creating a colorful planetary nebula.
What remains is the hot, dense core: a white dwarf.
⚪ 6. White Dwarf
The white dwarf shines for billions of years, but without nuclear fusion.
Eventually, it cools and becomes a black dwarf—a cold, invisible body in space.

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