ONE MINUTE HISTORY - November 9, 2022

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On this day, a nation’s experiment with liberty ended in a bloodless coup by a tyrant. On November 9, 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte overthrew the French Directory and seized power for himself as the first Consul of France. Following a series of excellent military victories, Napoleon was one of the most popular public figures in France, but it was actually his brother Lucien Bonaparte who engineered the coup that put Napoleon in power. On the morning of the coup, Lucien convinced the legislative Councils that they were in danger and herded them out of Paris and straight into a trap. As Napoleon’s troops took control of Paris, the Councils were forced at gunpoint to disband themselves and appoint Napoleon and two of his allies as the new leaders of France. The democratically elected Councils came to an end, and a new era of authoritarianism began, marking the French Revolution’s final, inglorious end.







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