How Tsunamis And Earthquakes Work And How To Survive Them
322Tsunamis explained and how to survive them
The term tsunami, synonymous with tidal wave, comes from the Japanese "Tsu-Nami," meaning "harbor wave." A tsunami refers to an abnormal and massive ocean wave, originating from a violent underwater earthquake or other events involving a sudden displacement of a large mass of water, such as a massive landslide or an underwater volcanic eruption.
Usually, a tsunami forms in open sea where, however, the wave remains relatively weak and inconspicuous, gaining strength only near the coast when the wave, due to friction with the increasingly shallow seabed, rises and rushes inland as a true wall of water. Unlike traditional ocean waves, which are produced by wind and currents, a tsunami acts as an intense underwater disturbance involving the entire column of water, from the seabed to the surface.
There are countless earthquakes every day, ranging from tremors recorded only by instruments to shakes felt by the population. But where do earthquakes occur? Are there specific areas or do they originate randomly? - we'll seek to answer these questions, exploring not only how earthquakes form but also why certain areas have a higher seismic risk than others.
We'll then conclude with a roundup of useful tips for those unfortunate enough to find themselves living in a highly seismic area.
Earthquakes explained and how to survive them
Before discussing earthquakes, we need to provide some background on tectonic plates. What exactly are they?
The Earth's crust is the outermost layer of our planet and, like a puzzle, it is divided into many plates - the famous tectonic plates. The interesting thing is that these plates are not stationary but can move over geological time (we're talking millions and hundreds of millions of years). Usually, earthquakes occur along the edges of these plates, which we can more accurately define as "plate boundaries".
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
00:01 Tsunamis explained and how to survive them
19:40 Earthquakes explained and how to survive them
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