How Does A Shotgun Microphone Work
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In this video I give a very basic explanation and answer to the question, how does a shotgun microphone work? This video may also help to answer another question, what is a shotgun microphone?
While there are a lot more physical, electronic and acoustic principles involved in how a shotgun mic works. This basic explanation describes the two and most fundamental principles that define a shotgun microphone from other types of microphones.
The first and probably the most important physical characteristic or attribute of a shotgun microphone, is its interference tube. The interference tube helps to further define the cardioid response of a shotgun microphone by helping to cancel certain sounds and their frequencies and therefore apply attenuation to those sounds and their frequencies that enter the interference tube from its sides. If these sounds and frequencies are secondary reflections from the source of the sound that enters the front of the interference tube. The attenuation of such sounds and frequencies, or cancellation, help to further define the sound source that is directly in front of the shotgun microphone and its interference tube.
The other import part of a shotgun microphone is its capsule. In most examples of a shotgun microphone, this capsule will be a super cardioid capsule. Although other types of cardioid capsules may be used such as a standard cardioid or a hyper cardioid. There are also a few shotgun microphones that use a second capsule facing the opposite way that's used in conjunction with a DSP, digital signal processor, within the microphone to further enhance the directional and cardioid response by way of electronic DSP manipulation that uses electronic phase cancellation.
Like I say in the video, this is a basic explanation of how a shotgun microphone works. There are many other factors involved, such as interference tube length, which directly corresponds to the cancellation and attenuation different frequencies and their wavelengths. There's also other physical and acoustic factors to be considered, such as the angle of incidence etc. But these and other acoustic and electronic principles will be covered in a future video that addresses more in-depth principles of how a shotgun microphone works.
Hopefully this video and description will help to answer your questions. What is a shotgun mic? And. How does a shotgun mic work?
I hope you've found this video helpful.
Cheers,
Dave.
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